In the analog world, an image (specifically a photograph) has generally been accepted as a "proof of occurrence" of the event it depicts. In today's digital age, however, the creation and manipulation of digital images and videos are made simple through digital processing tools that are easily and widely available. As a consequence, we can no longer take the authenticity of images and videos for granted, be they analog or digital. This is especially true when it comes to legal evidence. Image and video forensics, in this context, is concerned with uncovering some underlying fact about an image or video.

The past few years have seen a growth of research on image forensics. The work has come to focus mainly on three types of problems:

1. Image origin/type identification. The goal is to determine through what means a given digital image was originally generated, e.g., digital camera, scanner, computer graphics software, etc. The most immediate challenge in this area is to discriminate computer generated images, which do not depict real-life occurrences, from real images.

2. Image source identification. Given the type of an image, this research area aims at identifying the class and/or individual characterisctics of the mechanism that generated the digital image. This essentially entails associating the image with a class of sources that have common characteristics (e.g., device model) and matching the image to an individual source device.

3. Image forgery detection. In this field of research, the objective is to determine whether a given digital image has undergone any form of modification or processing after it was initially captured. Determining the processing history of an image and identification of tampered image parts are the foremost research goals.

Sponsors:

• AFOSR
• NIJ

Participants:

Resources: ISIS in the NEWS

• ISIS Media Forensics Research Featured in Thomson Security Newsletter, July 1, 2009
• Reasearchers Link Digital Photographs to Source Camera PursuitMagazine, Journal of Professional Excellence for Investigators, 24 November 2008
• Digital Photos Give Away a Camera's Make and Model Slashdotted!!, 17 November 2008
• Digital images contain their maker's mark NewScientist Magazine, Issue 2682, Page 30, 14 November 2008
• Finding the truth behind photographs SPIE Newsroom, 3 May 2006
• Photo Chop Shop Technology Magazine, published by MIT Review, 06 December 2005

• Unique DSLR camera identification
• Tamper detection based on demosaicing artifacts

• H. T. Sencar, and N. Memon, Overview of State-of-the-art in Digital Image Forensics, Part of Indian Statistical Institute Platinum Jubilee Monograph series titled 'Statistical Science and Interdisciplinary Research,' World Scientific Press, 2008. [BibTex]

• S. Bayram, H. T. Sencar, and N. Memon, Classification of digital camera-models based on demosaicing artifacts, Digital Investigation, Volume 5, Issues 1-2, September 2008, Pages 49-59. [BibTex]
• A. E. Dirik, H. T. Sencar, and N. Memon, Digital Single Lens Reflex Camera Identification From Traces of Sensor Dust, IEEE Trans. on Information Forensics and Security, Sept., 2008. [BibTex] , [Code] , [Images]

• S. Bayram, I. Avcibas, B. Sankur and N. Memon, Image manipulation detection, Journal of Electronic Imaging, 15(4) 041102, October-December 2006. [BibTex]

• K. Rosenfeld and H. T. Sencar, A Study of The Robustness of PRNU-based Camera Identification, Proc. SPIE, Vol. 7254, 72540M, 2009.
  
• A. E. Dirik and N. Memon, Image Tamper Detection Based on Demosaicing Artifacts, IEEE ICIP 09, November 2009, Cairo Egypt. [BibTex] [Images]
• Y. Fang, A. E. Dirik, X. Sun, and N. Memon, Source Class Identification for DSLR and Compact Camera s, IEEE International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing - MMSP 09, October, 2009. [BibTex]
• A. E. Dirik, H. T. Sencar, and N. Memon, Flatbed Scanner Identification Based On Dust and Scratches Over Scanner Platen, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2009, Taipei Taiwan. [BibTex]
• S. Bayram, H. T. Sencar, and N. Memon, An Efficient and Robust Method For Detecting Copy-Move Forgery, IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2009, Taipei Taiwan. [BibTex]
• S. Bayram, H. T. Sencar, and N. Memon, A Survey of Copy-Move Forgery Detection Techniques, IEEE Western New York Image Processing Workshop, September 2008, NY (Best Student Paper Award). [BibTex]
• Y. Sutcu, B. Coskun, H. T. Sencar, and N. Memon, Tamper detection based on regularity of wavelet transform coefficients, Proc. of IEEE ICIP, 2007. [BibTex]
• A. E. Dirik, S. Bayram, H. T. Sencar, and N. Memon, New features to identify computer generated images, Proc. of IEEE ICIP, 2007. [BibTex] , [Code]
• Y. Sutcu, S. Bayram, H. T. Sencar, and N. Memon, Improvements on sensor noise based source camera identification, Proc. of IEEE ICME, 2007. [BibTex]
• A. E. Dirik, H. T. Sencar, and N. Memon, Source camera identification based on sensor dust characteristics , Proc. of IEEE SAFE, 2007. [BibTex]
• S. Dehnie, H. T. Sencar and N. Memon, Identification of computer generated and digital camera images for digital image forensics, Proc. of IEEE ICIP, 2006. [BibTex]
• S. Bayram, H. T. Sencar, and N. Memon Improvements on source camera-model identification based on CFA interpolation, Proc. of WG 11.9 International Conference on Digital Forensics, 2006. [BibTex]
• O. Celiktutan, I. Avcibas, B. Sankur, and N. Memon, Source cell-phone identification, Proc. of ADCOM, 2006. [ BibTex]
• S. Bayram, I. Avcibas, B. Sankur, N. Memon, Image Manipulation Detection with Binary Similarity Measures, 13th European Signal Processing Conference, Vol. I, 752-755, Antalya-TURKEY, 2005. [BibTex]
• S. Bayram, H. T. Sencar, N. Memon, and I. Avcibas, Source camera identification based on CFA interpolation, Proc. of IEEE ICIP, 2005. [BibTex]
• M. Kharrazi, H. T. Sencar, and N. Memon, Blind source camera identification, Proc. of IEEE ICIP, 2004. [BibTex]
• I. Avcibas, S. Bayram, N. Memon, M. Ramkumar, and B. Sankur, A classifier design for detecting image manipulation, Proc. of IEEE ICIP, 2004. [BibTex]

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